Abdülmecit Han İngilizce Hayatı

ABDULMEJID I (1823-1861), was a Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire. Born on April 25, 1823, he succeeded his father, Mahmud II, as sultan on July 1, 1839. He was a liberal, refined, and humane ruler who was very receptive to Western ideas, but he lacked the strength necessary to put into effect the reforms he so earnestly desired. He died on June 25, 1861, leaving the empire in the throes of a financial crisis brought about largely by his unsound fiscal policies.

Abdul-Mejid (or Abdul-Medjid) came to the throne when the Ottoman armies had just suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of Mohammed Ali, the rebellious governor of Egypt. To gain the support of the European powers, Abdul-Mejid promulgated on Nov. 3, 1839, the Hatt-i Sherif of Gülhane (Noble Rescript of the Rose Chamber). This document ended the internal war and inaugurated the era of the Tanzimat (Reorganization) reform.

Abdul-Mejid hoped, through rescripts, to continue the reforms begun by his father and to demonstrate to the Europeans that the Turks were capable of instituting a modern liberal state. A clause designed to reassure the European powers, who were concerned about the empire’s non-Muslim population, promised to guarantee the liberty, life, and property of all subjects of the sultan. The decree also provided for modernization of the state with a view to regularizing recruitment into the armed forces, collection of taxes, and the judicial processes. Edicts implementing these innovations were issued, but only a few bore lasting results.

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